Types of Heating Oil in the UK: A Homeowner’s Guide
In the UK, heating oil remains an essential fuel source for around 1.5 million homes, especially in rural and off-grid areas where mains gas is unavailable. It is used to power oil-fired boilers for central heating and hot water, offering a reliable and efficient energy solution. However, not all heating oils are the same. Understanding the different types of heating oil available can help homeowners make better choices for efficiency, cost, and environmental impact.
Main Heating Oil Types in the UK
There are two primary types of heating oil used in the UK: kerosene and gas oil. Each has specific uses, benefits, and considerations.
1. Kerosene (28-Second Oil)
Kerosene is the most widely used heating oil for domestic purposes in the UK. It is a clear, thin liquid that burns cleanly and efficiently, making it ideal for home heating systems.
Key Features:
-
Clean-burning: Produces fewer carbon deposits and soot, helping to maintain boiler efficiency and reduce maintenance needs.
-
High efficiency: Works well with modern condensing boilers and range cookers like AGAs and Rayburns.
-
Cold-resistant: Has a low freezing point, making it reliable even in colder winter months.
-
Cost-effective: Typically more affordable than gas oil and widely available through UK heating oil suppliers.
Many suppliers also offer premium kerosene, which contains additives to improve performance. These additives help reduce sludge, prevent carbon build-up, and enhance fuel stabilityespecially useful for systems that arent used year-round.
2. Gas Oil (35-Second Oil)
Gas oil, often called red diesel, is a heavier, less refined fuel. It is dyed red to indicate that it carries a lower tax rate and is not permitted for use in road vehicles.
Key Features:
-
Mainly for commercial use: Commonly used in agricultural machinery, generators, and older commercial heating systems.
-
Less efficient: Produces more soot and emissions compared to kerosene, resulting in more frequent boiler servicing.
-
Limited domestic use: Still used in some older UK homes, but not recommended for modern domestic heating systems.
Due to its higher emissions and reduced efficiency, gas oil is becoming less common in the domestic market.
Future Fuel: Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)
As the UK works toward its target of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, renewable heating alternatives are gaining attention. One of the most promising is Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)a low-carbon biofuel made from waste oils and fats. HVO can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 90% and is compatible with some existing oil-fired boilers (with minor modifications).
While HVO is not yet widely available and tends to cost more than kerosene, it represents a significant step toward cleaner heating for off-grid homes.
Conclusion
Choosing the right heating oil depends on your system, budget, and environmental priorities. For most UK households, kerosene is the best option, offering clean, efficient, and reliable heating. Gas oil is largely reserved for older or commercial systems, while HVO and other renewable options signal a greener future. As heating technology evolves, staying informed will help ensure your home remains warm, efficient, and environmentally responsible.
